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The
office of coroner originated in England about the eleventh
century. The coroners duties in the eleventh century
were largely economic. However, if any person was
murdered, or died suddenly while confined in prison, the coroner
was required to travel to the place of death, and inquire into
the conditions surrounding the death.
In
colonial America, the duties of the coroner essentially followed
English tradition, and remained an important one in American
local government. The functions of the office were largely
related to the identification of unclaimed bodies, the
administration of coroners inquests to learn the causes of
certain deaths, certification of the inquests findings to the
county court, and the performance of certain limited duties in
regard to the office of the sheriff.
A
principal duty of the coroner is to determine the cause of
death. In the case of deaths occurring from natural
circumstances, the extent of inquiry into the death is left to
the discretion of the coroner and he may authorize the physician
of record to sign the death certificate. However, when a
death meets the definition of a coroners case, the coroner is
required to perform an investigation and to sign the death
certificate.
Coroners
and their deputies have the full power and authority of peace
officers, including the power of arrest, the power to bear arms
and to administer oaths. In performing investigations, the
coroner or his deputy may enter onto public or private property,
seize evidence, interrogate persons, and require the production
of medical records, documents, or evidence.
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